four-causes

Philosophical framework developed by Aristotle to explain the existence and nature of things

Material cause: This refers to the physical matter or substance that makes up an object. For example, the material cause of a chair is the wood or metal it is made of.

Formal cause: This refers to the shape, structure, or design of an object. For example, the formal cause of a chair is its shape and design that make it suitable for sitting.

Efficient cause: This refers to the force or agent that brings an object into existence or causes it to change. For example, the efficient cause of a chair is the carpenter who builds it.

Final cause: This refers to the purpose or goal for which an object exists or is created. For example, the final cause of a chair is to provide a place to sit.